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Fixed-Rate Mortgage (FRM)
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Definition: A mortgage with a fixed interest rate for the entire term of the loan.
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Interest Rates: Fixed for the life of the loan.
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Down Payment Requirements: Typically 5-20% of the home's purchase price.
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Loan Terms: Commonly 15, 20, or 30 years.
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Qualification Requirements: Stable income, good credit score, and a reasonable debt-to-income ratio.
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Upfront Fees: Closing costs typically 2-5% of the loan amount.
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Pros: Predictable monthly payments, stability.
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Cons: Higher initial interest rates compared to adjustable-rate mortgages.
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Best For: Homebuyers who plan to stay in their home long-term and prefer predictable payments.
Conventional Loan
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Definition: Non-government-backed mortgages, including fixed and adjustable-rate options.
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Interest Rates: Varies; can be fixed or adjustable.
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Down Payment Requirements: Typically 5-20%.
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Loan Terms: Usually 15, 20, or 30 years.
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Qualification Requirements: Good credit score, stable income, and lower debt-to-income ratio.
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Upfront Fees: Closing costs typically 2-5% of the loan amount; may include private mortgage insurance (PMI) if down payment is less than 20%.
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Pros: Flexible terms, potentially lower costs if you have good credit.
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Cons: Stricter qualification requirements.
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Best For: Borrowers with good credit and stable income.
Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM)
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Definition: A mortgage with an interest rate that changes periodically based on a benchmark index.
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Interest Rates: Initial lower rate, then adjusts periodically.
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Down Payment Requirements: Typically 5-20%.
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Loan Terms: Usually 30 years with an initial fixed period (e.g., 5, 7, or 10 years).
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Qualification Requirements: Similar to fixed-rate mortgages.
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Upfront Fees: Closing costs typically 2-5% of the loan amount; may include PMI if down payment is less than 20%.
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Pros: Lower initial interest rates.
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Cons: Potential for rate increases and higher payments over time.
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Best For: Borrowers who plan to sell or refinance before the adjustable period begins.
Federal Housing Authority (FHA) Loan
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Definition: Mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration.
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Interest Rates: Generally lower than conventional loans.
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Down Payment Requirements: As low as 3.5%.
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Loan Terms: Usually 15 or 30 years.
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Qualification Requirements: More lenient credit requirements, but must meet FHA guidelines.
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Upfront Fees: Closing costs typically 2-5% of the loan amount; upfront mortgage insurance premium (UFMIP) of 1.75% of the loan amount.
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Pros: Lower down payments, easier qualification.
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Cons: Mortgage insurance premiums required.
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Best For: First-time homebuyers or those with lower credit scores.
Veteran Affairs (VA) Loan
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Definition: Mortgages guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs for military service members and veterans.
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Interest Rates: Competitive, often lower than conventional rates.
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Down Payment Requirements: Often no down payment required.
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Loan Terms: Typically 15 or 30 years.
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Qualification Requirements: Must be a veteran, active-duty service member, or eligible family member.
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Upfront Fees: Closing costs typically 1-3% of the loan amount; VA funding fee varies from 1.4% to 3.6% depending on down payment and service history.
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Pros: No down payment, no mortgage insurance, competitive rates.
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Cons: Only available to eligible veterans and service members.
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Best For: Eligible veterans and military service members.
US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Loan
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Definition: Mortgages backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for rural property buyers.
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Interest Rates: Competitive, often lower than conventional rates.
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Down Payment Requirements: Often no down payment required.
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Loan Terms: Typically 30 years.
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Qualification Requirements: Must meet income and property location requirements.
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Upfront Fees: Closing costs typically 2-5% of the loan amount; upfront guarantee fee of 1% of the loan amount.
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Pros: No down payment, low interest rates.
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Cons: Property location and income restrictions.
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Best For: Low- to moderate-income buyers in eligible rural areas.
Jumbo Loan
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Definition: Mortgages that exceed the conforming loan limits set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency ($726,200 for most parts of the United States).
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Interest Rates: Higher than conforming loans due to increased risk.
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Down Payment Requirements: Typically 10-20%.
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Loan Terms: Usually 15 or 30 years.
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Qualification Requirements: Higher credit score and lower debt-to-income ratio required.
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Upfront Fees: Closing costs typically 2-5% of the loan amount; may include higher fees due to the loan size.
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Pros: Allows financing for high-priced properties.
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Cons: Stricter qualification requirements, higher interest rates.
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Best For: Buyers of high-value properties.
Interest-Only Mortgage
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Definition: A mortgage where the borrower pays only the interest for a set period.
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Interest Rates: Typically adjustable rates.
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Down Payment Requirements: Usually higher.
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Loan Terms: Interest-only period usually 5-10 years, then converts to principal and interest payments.
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Qualification Requirements: Higher income and credit score required.
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Upfront Fees: Closing costs typically 2-5% of the loan amount.
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Pros: Lower initial payments.
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Cons: Payments increase significantly after interest-only period.
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Best For: Borrowers with fluctuating income or those planning to sell or refinance.
Balloon Mortgage
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Definition: A mortgage with lower payments for a set period followed by a lump-sum payment.
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Interest Rates: Generally fixed for the initial period.
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Down Payment Requirements: Typically 10-20%.
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Loan Terms: Short-term, usually 5-7 years.
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Qualification Requirements: Similar to conventional loans.
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Upfront Fees: Closing costs typically 2-5% of the loan amount.
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Pros: Lower initial payments.
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Cons: Large lump-sum payment at end of term.
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Best For: Borrowers expecting a significant increase in income or planning to sell/refinance.
Bridge Loan
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Definition: Short-term loan used to bridge the gap between buying a new home and selling the old one.
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Interest Rates: Higher than conventional rates.
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Down Payment Requirements: Varies; often equity in the current home.
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Loan Terms: Short-term, usually up to one year.
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Qualification Requirements: Must have sufficient equity in the current home.
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Upfront Fees: Closing costs typically 2-5% of the loan amount; higher interest rates and fees.
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Pros: Provides funds to buy a new home before selling the old one.
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Cons: Higher interest rates, fees, and risk.
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Best For: Homeowners needing to purchase a new home before selling their current one.
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